Case+Studies

= Document One, pg 94  =  1. What did the petition ask for? The petiion asked for the removal of all custom-duties and tolls in the interior of Germany.  2. What idea did the petitioners claim had become a dogma among statesmen? The idea which the petiitioners claimed had becomea dogma among statesmen was that the internal industry can be created by taxes and dues.  3. How many customs, boundaries existed within the German states? Thirty-eight customs and boundaries existed within the German states.  4. Why did the German merchants envy the French? The German merchants envied the French as they carried its free trade over free rivers and fere roads without ever meeting a custom house official.  5. What did the petitioners claim //the internal dues of Germany// would prevent? The petitioners claimed the internal dues of Germany would prevent all national prosperity or national patriotism. = Cartoonist View: I Have Nothing To Declare, pg 95  =  1. Why has the cartoonist drawn the customs guards the way he has? The cartoonist has drawn the custom guards tall and firm as he wants to portray his authority.  2. Why does the merchant have nothing to declare? The merchant has nothing to declare as he is not over the border but actually in the middle, so therefore cannot be declared.  3. What aspect of the customs policy of the German states is the cartoonist criticising? The aspect of the customs policy iof the German states that the cartoon is criticising is the maze of the custom barriers that impeded trade. = Document Two, pg 96  =  1. What does Chlodwig claim is ‘one reason for discontent in Germany’? He claims the reason for discontent in Germany is the powerless or weakness that Germany had among the other states.  2. In Prince Chlodwig’s opinion which states do not ‘represent the might of Germany in her foreign relations’? In the Princes opinion, the states that do not represent the might of Germany in her foreign relations, are Austria and Prussia.  3. How does Chlodwig describe the role that the rest of Germany plays in relation to Austria and Prussia? Chlodwig describes the role that the rest of Germany plays iin relation to Austria and Prussia as a ‘camp follower’ and a country that doesn’t hold much power, meaning it has less of an effect than Austria and Prussia.  4. What does Chlodwig say is ‘hard on thinking, energetic man’ not to be able to stay abroad? Chlodwig says that the hard on thinking, energetic man as not able to stay abroad is a description of Germany stating that they fulfill their role and take the power they have seriously, but rely on Austria and Prussia. = Cartoonist View: The Thinker’s Club, pg 97  =  1. How does the cartoonist indicate that freedom of speech has been suppressed in the German states? Freedom of speech has been suppressed in the cartoon in that the men in discussion has their mouth strapped and their heads binded. This suggest a failure to communicate and thus makes the club of thinkers quite pointless as none of them is able to express their perspectives to others.  2. Look at the title of this cartoon. What right of the German people did the cartoonist claim had not yet been suppressed? The title “the thinker’s club” is ironic in that despite the group gathered to work out solutions about their unification. The right the German people which the cartoonist suggest has not been suppressed is the right to remain silent. As all the thinkers has their mouth binded, and not allowed to voice out their opinions.  3. What question are the members of this club considering at their meeting? The question the members are trying to consider at this meeting is vague, however it could be about the ulitmate German unification and how to overcome the objections of the Austrian and Prussian sides. = Cartoonist View: Gentlemen Make Your Game, pg 98  =  1. Who do the men standing at either end of the table represent? The man on the right hand side is supposed to be Austria, as he has no money and the man behind him is saying ‘my game is played out.’ The man on the left hand side is supposed to be Prussia, as he is shown to have money and power. <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> 2. What does the ball in the roulette wheel represent? It represents the ‘world’ and ultimately who will have control of the ‘world’, either Austria or Prussia. <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> 3. List what is at stake in this game. ·  Reform ·  Progress ·  Republicanism ·  Equality ·  Constitutional Government ·  Anarchy ·  Liberalism Basically, the states were who would have dominant control over the Germanic Confederation, and thus have the power, whoever had the power could then make whatever decision they felt necessary. = Document Four, pg 101  = <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> 1. What did Schurz claim the national parliament in Frankfurt owed its existence to? The national parliament in Frankfurt existed because citizens placed emphasis on national unity, and there was a need for a common constitution (the parliament could provide them with this.) <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> 2. In Schurz’s view what was the universally understood mission of the Frankfurt Parliament? It’s universally understood mission was to establish a constitution, thereby making the citizens accoutnable to the political structure of the nation. <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> 3. What did the Frankfurt Parliament not have ‘at its immediate disposal’? The Frankfurt Parliament did not have administrative machinery, army, treasurey – only its moral authority, all the rest was in the hands of the different German state governments. It didn’t have a sructured system of government, with a budget, etc. <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> 4. Under what circumstances did Schurz believe the ‘Parlimaent would have been sure of success in creating a constitutional German Empire’? The parliament would have been sure of success if it had performed the task quickly, and elecetd an put into office its kaiser whilst the revolutionary prestige of the people was still unbroken – that is to say, in the first two or three months after the revolution of March. <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> 5. Why did Schurz believe the Frankfurt Parliament failed? It failed because it had many philosophical and wondrous ideas, but did not put many into action. Aidditionally, Austria desired a united Germany only if it could hope to occupy in some form the position of the leading power – therefore it failed. = This Historians View, pg 102  = 1. What did Pinson claim ‘the defeat of 1848’ meant? The defeat of 1848 meant the crushing of German Liberalism. 2. In Pinson’s view, what was the first concern of all liberal elements in Germany? The first concern of all liberal elements within Germany was the means of attaining unity became much more significant than the concern for liberal constitutional and social institutions. 3. Why did liberals come to believe that democracy was a failure? Liberals had come to believe that democracy was a failure because it was not able to realize German unity as the action of the people themselves were incapable of attaining this supreme goal of all Germans, therefore meant that liberal democracy was a failure. 4. What was the alternative means to ‘the noble end’ of unity? The Noble end of unity explains that unity could be achieved by wining wars and from this, using instruments of political action it will provide agreement finally unify Germany. 5. What was the master achievement of the counter-revolution of 1848? The master achievement during the 1848 was to diffuse among the German people the belief that they have no political talent and that they should leave politics to the few who know it way better than they do. =  =