Caitlin

Prussia extended her influence over the German states in a number of significant ways during the period 1815-1848. In particular, it introduced the Zolverein and the single-tariff system, improved infrastructure by establishing railways, became economically superior to Austria, emphasised and promoted a sense of both liberalism and nationalism, and also, generally, was a state that encouraged modernisation. The aforementioned points can appropriately be categorized into forces for change, social, economic and political factors, and thus, will be critically explored according to this manner. Forces for change was a predominate factor in Prussia’s increasing influence over the German states. The most notable forces for change included both liberalism and nationalism, which were two recent yet astounding concepts that accounted for various methods of sociological behaviour. Nationalism, the promotion of the interests of one’s own nation above all others, was perhaps the main contributor to Prussia’s extending influence. Most of the German states shared a similar territory, culture, social institutions and government, which according to historian Boyd C. Shafer, is necessary to incite nationalism. Thus, it is clear that the idea of federation seemed one of logic and practicality. As a result of this, Prussia managed to gain control of states which were similar in nature, and the idea of federation became more realistic. In addition to this, liberalism, or the commitment to individual freedoms, was another contributing force for change in Prussia’s increasing influence. This was generated because citizens became increasingly aware of their rights to certain freedoms of consciousness and pursuits, as these were new concepts introduced by J.S Mill. His harm principle, “that each individual should be able to act in any manner he/she wishes, if they are not negatively affecting others” also introduced a new perspective of thinking to the German masses, and empowered them with newfound knowledge. This idea greatly inspired the Prussian population to actively influence their government. As a result, a more detailed and appropriate constitution was introduced in which customs and tariffs were abolished. It is therefore evident that both nationalism and liberalism influenced Prussia’s expanding power during 1815-1848. Social factors were also highly significant in regard to Prussia’s expanding influence. In particular, the establishment of railway infrastructure throughout the nation and greater region contributed to its growing power. An extensive range of goods and transportation encouraged a heightened degree of trades and services. This interrelation within the German states resulted in a state of interconnectedness within the region. In addition to this, Prussia’s general perspective and flexibility to the culture of modernization was greatly important. It was perhaps this sole factor that contributed to the construction of railways, and introduction of the Zolverein. Clearly, there were a number of social factors which saw the expanding power of Prussia as a consequence. Economic factors also greatly influenced Prussia’s increasing influence over the German states. Prussia’s government abolished all customs and tariffs within the German region, with the exclusion in Austria. This concept was encapsulated within an economic union known as “the zolverein”, in which the German states were constituents of. This elimination of taxes resulted in the improved efficiency and ease of trade within the Germanic region. It subsequently led to Austria’s demise in power, and detracted attention away from the needs of the nation. Austria’s decline in authority directly correlated to Prussia’s acquisition of power. This generated a closer economic relationship between the German states, of which was attributed to Prussia. Consequently, it is clear that economic factors greatly contributed to Prussia’s expanding influence. Political factors additionally contributed to Prussia’s increasing influence. The downfall of power within each state’s monarch resulted in a greater sense of unification and interconnectedness. Prussia’s citizens acquired more power with the emphasis on liberalism, and the royal figure’s power subsequently decreased. A more democratic government was introduced, in which the “sovereignty of the people” was promoted. This provided people with an increased opportunity to influence government bodies. Thus, it is clear that the change that occurred internally within Prussia’s government resulted in its greater influence. In conclusion, it is evident that a number of social, economic and political factors, in conjunction with forces for change encouraged the increasing influence of Prussia over the German states within the period of 1815-1848. In particular, it introduced the Zolverein and the single-tariff system, improved infrastructure by establishing railways, became economically superior to Austria, emphasised and promoted a sense of both liberalism and nationalism, and also, generally, was a state that encouraged modernization. One must contemplate, if Prussia’s authority did not greatly broaden, would the unification of Germany ever result?
 * Explain how Prussia extended her influence over the German states during the period 1815-1848 **

// You included a lot of facts in the introduction and restated the question which was really well done. Your argument is clear and was supported by detailed evidence, each paragraph links back to the argument and again is supported with evidence. The wording was well done and the use of cause and effect language was also well used. My only criticism is that I don’t agree with some of your points but then again that’s my opinion. But overall a really good job!!!! //// J //